Basics of Chemistry || Part-03 ||

By Pravin Keshari -

Basics of Chemistry

Part-03 (Shell and Sub-shell Electronic configuration)

In the previous two parts of this series, we have learnt about details of first 20 elements, calculated their atomic weight and drawn their atomic structures. 

Not seen Part-1 and Part-2 yet??



Basics of Chemistry || Part-03 ||

In this part we will be discussing about shell(orbit) and sub-shell(orbital) electronic configuration of first 20 elements. We will learn how to write these electronic configurations and what information can be obtained from them.

So, let us start...

As we have seen in the atomic structure, the first shell (orbit) can accommodate maximum 2 electrons, we will first try to put 2 electrons in 1st orbit i.e., K-Shell (orbit). But, Hydrogen contains only 1 electron as a whole, so it contains only 1 electron in the 1st shell (Orbit).

Then, the 2nd orbit i.e., L-Shell can accommodate maximum 8 electrons. So, we will try to put 8 electrons in the 2nd orbit but only after completion of 1st orbit.

Shell electronic configuration

Element

K-Shell

L-Shell

M-Shell

N-Shell

 

 

 

 

 

Hydrogen (H)

1

-

-

-

Helium (He)

2

-

-

-

Lithium (Li)

2

1

-

-

Beryllium (Be)

2

2

-

-

Boron (B)

2

3

-

-

Carbon (C)

2

4

-

-

Nitrogen (N)

2

5

-

-

Oxygen (O)

2

6

-

-

Fluorine (F)

2

7

-

-

Neon (Ne)

2

8

-

-

Sodium (Na)

2

8

1

-

Magnesium (Mg)

2

8

2

-

Aluminum (Al)

2

8

3

-

Silicon (Si)

2

8

4

-

Phosphorous (P)

2

8

5

-

Sulphur (S)

2

8

6

-

Chlorine (Cl)

2

8

7

-

Argon (Ar)

2

8

8

-

Potassium (K)

2

8

8

1

Calcium (Ca)

2

8

8

2


Summarized Shell-Electronic configuration

        Element

Shell Electronic configuration

 

 

Hydrogen (H)

1

Helium (He)

2

Lithium (Li)

2,1

Beryllium (Be)

2,2

Boron (B)

2,3

Carbon (C)

2,4

Nitrogen (N)

2,5

Oxygen (O)

2,6

Fluorine (F)

2,7

Neon (Ne)

2,8

Sodium (Na)

2,8,1

Magnesium (Mg)

2,8,2

Aluminum (Al)

2,8,3

Silicon (Si)

2,8,4

Phosphorous (P)

2,8,5

Sulphur (S)

2,8,6

Chlorine (Cl)

2,8,7

Argon (Ar)

2,8,8

Potassium (K)

2,8,8,1

Calcium (Ca)

2,8,8,2


This can also be presented as follows for each separate elements:

1- Hydrogen (H) - 1

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

1

-

-

-





2 - Helium (He) - 2

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

-

-

-





3- Lithium (Li) - 2,1

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

1

-

-





4- Beryllium (Be) - 2, 2

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

2

-

-





5 - Boron (B) - 2, 3

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

3

-

-





6 - Carbon (C) - 2, 4

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

4

-

-





7 - Nitrogen (N) - 2, 5

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

5

-

-





8 - Oxygen (O) - 2, 6

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

6

-

-





9 - Fluorine (F) - 2, 7

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

7

-

-





10 - Neon (Ne) - 2, 8

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

-

-





11 - Sodium (Na) - 2, 8, 1

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

1

-





12 - Magnesium (Mg) - 2, 8, 2

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

2

-





13 - Aluminum (Al) - 2, 8, 3

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

3

-





14 - Silicon (Si) - 2, 8, 4

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

4

-





15 - Phosphorous (P) - 2, 8, 5

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

5

-





16 - Sulphur (S) - 2, 8, 6

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

6

-





17 - Chlorine (Cl) - 2, 8, 7

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

7

-





18 - Argon (Ar) - 2, 8, 8

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

8

-





19 - Potassium (K) - 2, 8, 8, 1

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

8

1





20 - Calcium (Ca) - 2, 8, 8, 2

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

8

2



    

    After understanding shell electronic configuration, we have to understand Aufbau Principle of placing electrons in the sub-shells (Orbitals). There are total 4 sub-shells i.e., s-sub shell, p- sub shell, d- sub shell and f - sub shell.


Sub-shell electronic configuration
According to Aufbau's principle, the sub-shell which has the lowest energy will be filled first with electrons. The sequence of energy levels of sub-shells is shown in the given diagram.
Basics of Chemistry || Part-03 || Aufbau Principle

Elements

Shell electronic configuration

Sub-shell electronic configuration

 

 

 

Hydrogen (H)

1

1s1

Helium (He)

2

1s2

Lithium (Li)

2,1

1s2 2s1

Beryllium (Be)

2,2

1s2 2s2

Boron (B)

2,3

1s2 2s22p1

Carbon (C)

2,4

1s2 2s22p2

Nitrogen (N)

2,5

1s2 2s22p3

Oxygen (O)

2,6

1s2 2s22p4

Fluorine (F)

2,7

1s2 2s22p5

Neon (Ne)

2,8

1s2 2s22p6

Sodium (Na)

2,8,1

1s2 2s22p6 3s1

Magnesium (Mg)

2,8,2

1s2 2s22p6 3s2

Aluminum (Al)

2,8,3

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p1

Silicon (Si)

2,8,4

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p2

Phosphorous (P)

2,8,5

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p3

Sulphur (S)

2,8,6

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p4

Chlorine (Cl)

2,8,7

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p5

Argon (Ar)

2,8,8

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6

Potassium (K)

2,8,8,1

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s1

Calcium (Ca)

2,8,8,2

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p1 4s2

Basics of Chemistry || Part-03 ||

If you are clear with this then move to the next part. If not, then consult your teacher or mail your question/s or doubt/s in the email given at the last of this blog. 

In the another blog, we will be studying about valancy and radicals of these 20 elements.

Basics of Chemistry || Part-03 || Author

If you found this post useful, do not forget to share it with your friends and students. This will be may useful for students willing to learn chemistry.

Wanna more about Chemistry?? Visit to the given links.



_________________________________________________________________________________

For any kind of query in any chapter of S.E.E. science, CTEVT or Bridge Course(Science) mail your question/s on 

pravin.keshari.31@gmail.com

Follow me on social media:

        

    Facebook: Pravin Keshari                Twitter: Pravin keshari                Youtube: Pravin Keshari



      Instagram: Pravin keshari      
      
    YourQuote: Pravin Keshari           Instagram: Pravin Keshari            Online notes facebook page



                                Thank You!!!

Location: Siddharthanagar, Nepal

Comments

Post a Comment

Please do not comment any spam link in the comment box.

Popular Posts

Force || Solved Q/A for S.E.E. - Exam || Part-1

By Pravin Keshari -
Image
FORCE Part-1  Very short questions and answers for S.E.E. students Questions and answers to practice for S.E.E. examination 1)What is gravitation or gravitational force? Answer: The force with which any two objects attract each other is called gravitation or gravitational force. 2) State the factors that affect the gravitational force. Answer: The factors that affect the gravitational force are:     (i) Mass of two heavenly bodies.     (ii) Distance between their centers . 3) What is heliocentric theory? Answer: Heliocentric theory states that the sun lies at the center  of the universe and all the planets and satellites revolve around the sun. 4) What is geocentric theory? Answer: Geocentric theory states that the earth remains at the center of the universe and the sun, moon and other planets revolve around the earth. 5) State Newton's universal law of gravitation. Answer: Newton's universal law of gravitation states that, "The force of attraction between ...
Read more

CTEVT Entrance questions || Part -5

By Pravin Keshari -
Image
CTEVT Entrance Questions Part-05  "It always seems impossible until it is done"  - Nelson Mandela      Loading… This entrance questions is for CTEVT entrance exam of Staff Nurse, Medicine(HA), Diploma in Pharmacy(D. Pharm), Medical Laboratory(CMLT), Opthalmic Science(O.A.), etc. The questions in this test are taken from Diploma/ Certificate level Entrance exam 2074.         More questions will be given in another blog post.     ____________________________________________________________________________________ For any kind of query in any chapter of S.E.E. science, mail your question/s on  pravin.keshari.31@gmail.com Follow me on social media:                Facebook: Pravin Keshari                  Twitter: Pravin keshari                  Youtube: Pravin Keshari ...
Read more

Photos of Lab works performed at Brihaspati Secondary School

By Pravin Keshari -
Image
 Photos of Lab work at Brihaspati Secondary School in academic year 2078 The students of Brihaspati Secondary School of Bhairahawa performed few laboratory works. They used several chemicals and demonstrated few activities. Here are few pictures of the lab activities. Click here  to get pictures. This link will open google map. The pictures are updated in location of Brihaspati Secondary School.  For detailed information and pictures You can also find the pictures and daily updates of Brihaspati Secondary School in the Facebook page of the school. Click here to jump to the Facebook page. Thank You!!!
Read more

1000+ MCQs for PCL Nursing Entrance Preparation || Part-01 ||

By Pravin Keshari -
Image
 1000+ MCQs for PCL Nursing Entrance Preparation Part-1 With the changing needs as well as Nepal, Government's health policy, CTEVT took an action to respond to these needs; as a result CTEVT has started the PCL Nursing course. PCL Nursing is one of the prominent and popular disciplines within the Nursing profession. PCL Nursing has its full form of Proficiency Certificate Level in Nursing . In this particular series of " PCL Nursing Entrance Preparation ", each set will contain 50 MCQs (with Answer key ) for students to solve. About 1000 MCQs will be provided related with the entrance preparation for PCL Nursing or Staff Nurse.  Notes will also be posted, if required.  If you find this blog useful after reading, do not forget to share it with your friends. Refer to your friends, so that they can also enjoy these questions. Need full PDF syllabus of PCL Nursing??? Click on the icon below to download the full syllabus in PDF Your MCQs for PCL Nursing starts from here...
Read more

Full forms for S.E.E. exam

By Pravin Keshari -
Image
Full forms (of some important terms) There are given a list of full forms on different topics of science for S.E.E. examination. This blog will cover all the important full forms required for S.E.E. students. PHYSICS 1) A.C. = Alternating current 2) D.C. = Direct current 3) E.m.f. = Electromotive force 4) M.C.B. = Miniature circuit breaker 5) C.F.L. = Compact fluorescent lamp 6) K.E. = Kinetic energy 7) P.E. = Potential energy CHEMISTRY 1) IUPAC = International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2) s-block = Sharp-block 3) p-block = Principal-block 4) d-block = Diffused-block 5) f-block = Fundamental-block 6) LPG = Liquefied petroleum gas 7) PVC = Poly vinyl chloride 8) a.m.u = Atomic mass unit 9) pH = Power of Hydrogen. 10) DDT = Dichloro Diphenyl Tricholorethane 11) BHC = Benzene hexachloride 12) NPK = Nitrogen(N), Phosphorous(P) and Potassium(K) 13) R.C.C. = Reinforced cement concrete BIOLOGY 1) ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate 2) U.V. ray = Ultra violet ray 3) DNA = Deoxy R...
Read more

Acid, Base and Salt || Solved Q/A for S.E.E. - Exam || Part-1

By Pravin Keshari -
Image
ACID, BASE AND SALT Part-1  Very short questions and answers for S.E.E. students Questions and answers to practice for S.E.E. examination 1) Define acid. Give any two examples. Answer:  An acid is a substance which gives hydrogen (H⁺)  ion/s when dissolved in water.         For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl), Nitric acid (HNO3). 2) What are bases? Give any two examples. Answer:  Bases are the substances which gives hydroxyl ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water.         For example, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂]. 3) Define alkalis. Give two examples. Answer:  Alkalis are water soluble bases. They give hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water. Examples: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH). 4) What is salt? Give two examples. Answer:  Salt is defined as a substance which is formed by partial or complete replacement of hydrogen atom/s by a metal or ammonium radical. Exampl...
Read more