Basics of Chemistry || Part-03 ||

By Pravin Keshari -

Basics of Chemistry

Part-03 (Shell and Sub-shell Electronic configuration)

In the previous two parts of this series, we have learnt about details of first 20 elements, calculated their atomic weight and drawn their atomic structures. 

Not seen Part-1 and Part-2 yet??



Basics of Chemistry || Part-03 ||

In this part we will be discussing about shell(orbit) and sub-shell(orbital) electronic configuration of first 20 elements. We will learn how to write these electronic configurations and what information can be obtained from them.

So, let us start...

As we have seen in the atomic structure, the first shell (orbit) can accommodate maximum 2 electrons, we will first try to put 2 electrons in 1st orbit i.e., K-Shell (orbit). But, Hydrogen contains only 1 electron as a whole, so it contains only 1 electron in the 1st shell (Orbit).

Then, the 2nd orbit i.e., L-Shell can accommodate maximum 8 electrons. So, we will try to put 8 electrons in the 2nd orbit but only after completion of 1st orbit.

Shell electronic configuration

Element

K-Shell

L-Shell

M-Shell

N-Shell

 

 

 

 

 

Hydrogen (H)

1

-

-

-

Helium (He)

2

-

-

-

Lithium (Li)

2

1

-

-

Beryllium (Be)

2

2

-

-

Boron (B)

2

3

-

-

Carbon (C)

2

4

-

-

Nitrogen (N)

2

5

-

-

Oxygen (O)

2

6

-

-

Fluorine (F)

2

7

-

-

Neon (Ne)

2

8

-

-

Sodium (Na)

2

8

1

-

Magnesium (Mg)

2

8

2

-

Aluminum (Al)

2

8

3

-

Silicon (Si)

2

8

4

-

Phosphorous (P)

2

8

5

-

Sulphur (S)

2

8

6

-

Chlorine (Cl)

2

8

7

-

Argon (Ar)

2

8

8

-

Potassium (K)

2

8

8

1

Calcium (Ca)

2

8

8

2


Summarized Shell-Electronic configuration

        Element

Shell Electronic configuration

 

 

Hydrogen (H)

1

Helium (He)

2

Lithium (Li)

2,1

Beryllium (Be)

2,2

Boron (B)

2,3

Carbon (C)

2,4

Nitrogen (N)

2,5

Oxygen (O)

2,6

Fluorine (F)

2,7

Neon (Ne)

2,8

Sodium (Na)

2,8,1

Magnesium (Mg)

2,8,2

Aluminum (Al)

2,8,3

Silicon (Si)

2,8,4

Phosphorous (P)

2,8,5

Sulphur (S)

2,8,6

Chlorine (Cl)

2,8,7

Argon (Ar)

2,8,8

Potassium (K)

2,8,8,1

Calcium (Ca)

2,8,8,2


This can also be presented as follows for each separate elements:

1- Hydrogen (H) - 1

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

1

-

-

-





2 - Helium (He) - 2

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

-

-

-





3- Lithium (Li) - 2,1

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

1

-

-





4- Beryllium (Be) - 2, 2

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

2

-

-





5 - Boron (B) - 2, 3

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

3

-

-





6 - Carbon (C) - 2, 4

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

4

-

-





7 - Nitrogen (N) - 2, 5

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

5

-

-





8 - Oxygen (O) - 2, 6

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

6

-

-





9 - Fluorine (F) - 2, 7

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

7

-

-





10 - Neon (Ne) - 2, 8

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

-

-





11 - Sodium (Na) - 2, 8, 1

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

1

-





12 - Magnesium (Mg) - 2, 8, 2

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

2

-





13 - Aluminum (Al) - 2, 8, 3

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

3

-





14 - Silicon (Si) - 2, 8, 4

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

4

-





15 - Phosphorous (P) - 2, 8, 5

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

5

-





16 - Sulphur (S) - 2, 8, 6

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

6

-





17 - Chlorine (Cl) - 2, 8, 7

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

7

-





18 - Argon (Ar) - 2, 8, 8

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

8

-





19 - Potassium (K) - 2, 8, 8, 1

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

8

1





20 - Calcium (Ca) - 2, 8, 8, 2

Shell

K

L

M

N

No. of electrons

2

8

8

2



    

    After understanding shell electronic configuration, we have to understand Aufbau Principle of placing electrons in the sub-shells (Orbitals). There are total 4 sub-shells i.e., s-sub shell, p- sub shell, d- sub shell and f - sub shell.


Sub-shell electronic configuration
According to Aufbau's principle, the sub-shell which has the lowest energy will be filled first with electrons. The sequence of energy levels of sub-shells is shown in the given diagram.
Basics of Chemistry || Part-03 || Aufbau Principle

Elements

Shell electronic configuration

Sub-shell electronic configuration

 

 

 

Hydrogen (H)

1

1s1

Helium (He)

2

1s2

Lithium (Li)

2,1

1s2 2s1

Beryllium (Be)

2,2

1s2 2s2

Boron (B)

2,3

1s2 2s22p1

Carbon (C)

2,4

1s2 2s22p2

Nitrogen (N)

2,5

1s2 2s22p3

Oxygen (O)

2,6

1s2 2s22p4

Fluorine (F)

2,7

1s2 2s22p5

Neon (Ne)

2,8

1s2 2s22p6

Sodium (Na)

2,8,1

1s2 2s22p6 3s1

Magnesium (Mg)

2,8,2

1s2 2s22p6 3s2

Aluminum (Al)

2,8,3

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p1

Silicon (Si)

2,8,4

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p2

Phosphorous (P)

2,8,5

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p3

Sulphur (S)

2,8,6

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p4

Chlorine (Cl)

2,8,7

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p5

Argon (Ar)

2,8,8

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6

Potassium (K)

2,8,8,1

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s1

Calcium (Ca)

2,8,8,2

1s2 2s22p6 3s23p1 4s2

Basics of Chemistry || Part-03 ||

If you are clear with this then move to the next part. If not, then consult your teacher or mail your question/s or doubt/s in the email given at the last of this blog. 

In the another blog, we will be studying about valancy and radicals of these 20 elements.

Basics of Chemistry || Part-03 || Author

If you found this post useful, do not forget to share it with your friends and students. This will be may useful for students willing to learn chemistry.

Wanna more about Chemistry?? Visit to the given links.



_________________________________________________________________________________

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